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Grammar: Singular and Plural Nouns.

Nouns can be classified into two groups: count nouns, which can be counted and which take an s, and noncount nouns, which cannot be counted and which usuallv do not take an s.

Strategy.

Beware of noncount nouns that are pluralized where they generally should not be.

Plural

Look at the following table: Singular

	Singular	Plural
Count noun	a cell one cell	cells two cells some cells a lot of cells many cells
Noncount noun	information some information a lot of information much information

Count nouns

1. Take a/an or one in a singular
2. Usually take a final s/es in the plural

Noncount nouns

1. Do not take a/an in the singular
2. Do not generally have a plural form

Some count nouns are irregular and do not take an s in the plural. Here are some common irregular count nouns:

man - men woman - women child - children foot - feet tooth - teeth fish - fish

Noncount nouns cannot be counted because they come in a mass or in an uncountable form. Nouns such as blood, music, and excitement cannot be counted. The following is a short list of some noncount nouns:

Food: rice, sugar, fruit, milk, bread, butter, cheese
Fluids: blood, water, oil, coffee, tea, gasoline
Raw materials: wood, paper, glass, iron, silver, wool
Gases: oxygen, nitrogen, air, pollution, steam
General: furniture, mail, money, traffic, equipment
Groups: jewelry, machinery, luggage, clothing, cash
Languages: English, Chinese, Japanese, Spanish
Academic subjects: chemistry, mathematics, psychology
Abstract things: education, health, intelligence, beauty, knowledge, sleep, hope, music, time

lesson

QUANTIFIERS.

A quantifier is a word that indicates an amount or quantity.

1. Some quantifiers are used only with plural count nouns.

both many a few several fewer

They are controlled by several nerves.

We have fewer cells as we get older.

2. Some quantifiers are used only with singular count nouns.

another each every

Each gland has a different purpose.

Every muscle has its own group of nerves.

3. Some quantifiers are used only with noncount nouns.

a little much less amount

The amount of oxygen available to the brain is important.

If your brain gets less oxygen than it needs, you could become unconscious.

4. Some quantifiers are used with both plural count nouns and noncount nouns.

all plenty of any
a lot of enough most
lots of some more

Brain cells use up a lot of energy.

Most animals rely on instinct.

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