TOEFL iBT: Возвратные и относительные местоимения | Тесты, Справочник

REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS

*myself*	*ourselves*
*yourself*	*yourselves*
*himself/herself/itself*	*themselves*

The reflexive pronoun is used:

• to emphasize the subject noun or pronoun it refers to and to emphasize the fact that the subject did the action alone.
He takes care of the egg himself.
Or: He himself takes care of the egg.

• as the object of a verb when the subject and object are the same.
They stand together to protect themselves from the cold.

• as the object of the preposition by when the subject did the action alone.
The penguin chick is unable to get food by itself.

Complete the sentences with the correct reflexive pronoun.
1. Penguins push ______________along the ice using their flippers.
2. To protect _______________ from the cold, penguin has a layer of fat under its feathers.
3. The female lays her egg and walks back to the sea by______________.
4. During the two months the male penguin cannot feed _____________.
5. The male penguin __________ incubates the egg.
6. Since humans do not have the insulation that penguins do, we cannot protect _______________from such temperatures without special clothing.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

The relative pronouns in English are who, whom, whose, which, and that.

study

Strategy

It Is important to make sure that the relative pronoun agrees with the subject.
Who refers to people and household animals.
Whom refers to people and household animals. It is used in the object position in formal written English or with who plus a preposition in spoken English.
That refers to people, animals and things.
Whose refers to people, animals, and things. It shows possession.
Which refers to things, collective nouns and animals.

Correct relative pronoun errors where necessary in the sentences.
1. There are eighteen different kinds of penguins whom live south of the equator.
2. The biologist which went to the South Pole is studying emperor penguins.
3. Emperor penguins survive winds who blow at speeds of up to ninety-five miles an hour in winter.
4. Emperor penguins, whose nesting ground is fifty miles inland from the coast, have a special way of incubating their eggs.
5. Emperor penguins, who are the largest among penguins, do not make nest.
6. The United States has sent researchers to Antarctica which are making experiments to measure the energy expended by emperor penguins.